MediFrenic

  A recent study provides morphologic and immunophenotypic evidence that ovarian Low Grade-Serous Carcinoma (LG-SC) is most likely originated from the tubal fimbria. In conjunction with evidence in the published literature, we propose a sequence of LG-SC development. First, fallopian tubal epithelia, mostly from fimbriated end, implants on the ovarian surface.   Two possibilities exist for how this detachment and implantation occurs: ·          Given the close relationship between the ovarian surface and the tubal fimbriated end, ovulation or non-ovulation induced disruption of the ovarian surface, may offer an opportunity for the adjacent tubal epithelium to detach and implant in the ovarian stroma. ·          Adhesion of tubal epithelium on the ovarian surface, from inflammation or other factors, and dynamic stromal growth around it may eventuate in tubal derived Ovarian Epithelial Inclus...

Thyroid carcinoma with follicular differentiation but no papillary nuclear features. Although the majority of follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas are sporadic, approaching 10% are hereditary. The most common somatic mutations in FTC are RAS point mutations being reported in up to half of FTC, with an overall rate of approximately 30% in published studies.   Clinical features  FTC occurs predominantly in adults (with a mean age of 45-50 years at diagnosis) and is rare in children. Most patients present with a painless thyroid mass that is detected on self-examination, routine physical examination, or is incidentally detected on imaging. Up to 25-35% of FTC are over 40 mm; however, only a subset of these tumors produces dysphagia, hoarseness, or stridor. Regional lymph node enlargement at presentation essentially does not occur with FTC.       Macroscopic features  The vast majority of FTC are grossly encapsulated, representing either...

Since 2010 this system has allowed cytopathologist to use an international, standardized, category-based reporting system for thyroid fine needle aspirations (FNA). In third edition the 6 diagnostic categories were assigned with a single name: (i)                   Nondiagnostic (ii)                 Benign (iii)               Atypia of undetermined significance (iv)               Follicular neoplasm (v)                 Suspicious for malignancy (vi)               Malignant Each of these categories has an implied risk of malignancy (ROM), in addition t...